Nomogram, A New Prediction Tool To Estimate Local Recurrence Of Non-Invasive Breast Cancer.

The decision concerning treatment for patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) following breast-conserving surgery has long been a controversial area of debate and confusion for patients as well as doctors. The mortality rates for DCIS are relatively not high but the risk of local recurrence in the breast is high. Standard treatments following surgery include radiation therapy and hormone treatment. Both techniques incur serious hazards to the patients as well as unproven improved survival rates but they can lower the risk of local tumor recurrence in the breast.